AARON v. UNITED HEALTH SERVICES OF GEORGIA, INC., Et Al.

826 S.E.2d 442, 349 Ga. App. 563
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedMarch 15, 2019
DocketA18A1926
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 826 S.E.2d 442 (AARON v. UNITED HEALTH SERVICES OF GEORGIA, INC., Et Al.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
AARON v. UNITED HEALTH SERVICES OF GEORGIA, INC., Et Al., 826 S.E.2d 442, 349 Ga. App. 563 (Ga. Ct. App. 2019).

Opinions

Coomer, Judge.

*563In this interlocutory appeal, we decide whether a binding arbitration agreement exists if one party does not sign the agreement. Stacy Aaron, on behalf of Editha Aaron's wrongful-death beneficiaries, appeals the trial court's order staying his lawsuit against the entities running the nursing home that he alleges harmed his mother and compelling arbitration.1 For the reasons that follow, we affirm.

On appeal from the grant or denial of a motion to compel arbitration, the standard of review is "whether the trial court was *564correct as a matter of law." Tillman Park, LLC v. Dabbs-Williams Gen. Contractors , 298 Ga. App. 27, 29-30, 679 S.E.2d 67 (2009) (citation and punctuation omitted). "[T]he construction of an arbitration agreement, like any other contract, presents a question of law, which is subject to de novo review." Id. at 30, 679 S.E.2d 67 (footnote omitted).

The record here shows that in October 2014, Editha was admitted to a PruittHealth nursing home in Savannah.2 Prior to her admission, Editha gave her son Stacy power of attorney. He signed an admission agreement on his mother's behalf, which was also signed by a PruittHealth representative. The admission agreement contained no arbitration clause and did not refer to a separate arbitration agreement.

Separate from this fully executed admission agreement is a partially executed arbitration agreement (the "Agreement"). The Agreement lists the parties as "UniHealth PAC Savannah, LLC," and "Editha ... and B Aaron," even though "B Aaron" is not Editha's representative and did not sign the Agreement. Although the pre-printed portion of the Agreement says that it was 'made and entered into' on October 23, Stacy did not sign it until the next day. The Agreement provides that a signature binds Editha and anyone entitled to sue because of her death. No representative of PruittHealth signed the Agreement, even though the Agreement contains a signature block for a PruittHealth representative to sign. Both the admission and the arbitration agreements were prepared by PruittHealth and presented to Editha during her admission process at PruittHealth's facility. PruittHealth maintained the partially executed Agreement in its records.

*444Editha passed away within weeks of her discharge from the nursing home. Stacy sued PruittHealth on behalf of her wrongful death beneficiaries for negligence, violations of the bill of rights for residents of long-term care facilities, medical malpractice, fraud, and wrongful death. PruittHealth answered the lawsuit and also separately moved to compel arbitration. The trial court granted the motion, holding that the parties had mutually assented to the Agreement. The trial court reasoned that PruittHealth need not sign the Agreement because its act of entering the "exact date the agreement was signed" and "other specific language" about the parties indicated its assent to the Agreement. The trial court certified the order for *565immediate review, and we granted Stacy's application for interlocutory appeal.

In a single enumeration of error, Stacy argues that the trial court erred by holding that the parties had mutually assented to arbitrate. We disagree.

"Whether there is a valid agreement to arbitrate is generally governed by state law principles of contract formation...." Triad Health Mgmt. of Georgia, III, LLC v. Johnson , 298 Ga. App. 204, 206 (2), 679 S.E.2d 785 (2009). Under Georgia law, a written, unsigned contract can be enforceable if the parties mutually assent to its terms. Cochran v. Eason , 227 Ga. 316, 318 (1), 180 S.E.2d 702 (1971) ; Silvey v. Wynn , 102 Ga. App. 283, 283 (1), 115 S.E.2d 774 (1960) ; Comvest, LLC v. Corporate Securities Group , Inc ., 234 Ga. App. 277, 280-281 (3), 507 S.E.2d 21 (1998).

In determining if parties had the mutual assent or meeting of the minds necessary to reach agreement, courts apply an objective theory of intent whereby one party's intention is deemed to be that meaning a reasonable man in the position of the other contracting party would ascribe to the first party's manifestations of assent, or that meaning which the other contracting party knew the first party ascribed to his manifestations of assent. In some instances, the only conduct of the parties manifesting intent is the express language of the agreement. In other instances, the circumstances surrounding the making of the contract, such as correspondence and discussions, are relevant in deciding if there was a mutual assent to an agreement, and courts are free to consider such extrinsic evidence.

Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Nat. Collegiate Athletic Assn. , 250 Ga. 391, 395, 297 S.E.2d 733 (1982) (citations omitted).

The record before us supports the conclusion that the parties mutually agreed to arbitrate these claims. First, Stacy signed the Agreement and initialed each page, indicating his intent to be bound by it. See Bostwick Banking Co. v. Arnold ,

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826 S.E.2d 442, 349 Ga. App. 563, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/aaron-v-united-health-services-of-georgia-inc-et-al-gactapp-2019.