Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, Jan 29 2014, 10:33 am collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
LAWRENCE D. NEWMAN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Newman & Newman, P.C. Attorney General of Indiana Noblesville, Indiana
CYNTHIA L. PLOUGHE Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
AARON GORDY, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 29A02-1306-CR-504 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE HAMILTON SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Valorie S. Hahn, Judge Pro Tem Cause No. 29D01-1105-FC-7803
January 29, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BARNES, Judge Case Summary
Aaron Gordy appeals the revocation of his placement in community corrections.
We affirm.
Issue
Gordy raises one issue, which we restate as whether the trial court denied his right
to due process in the manner in which it revoked his community corrections placement.
Facts
In June 2012, Gordy pled guilty in Hamilton County to one count of Class C felony
carrying a handgun without a license. He was sentenced to a term of six years, with four
years executed. The executed portion of the sentence was to be served through a direct
commitment to community corrections, with the first two years on work release and the
subsequent two years on home detention. The last two years of Gordy’s sentence were to
be served on probation; one of the terms of probation was that Gordy successfully complete
his community corrections placement.
The work release facility rules prohibited participants from having more than one
hour of unaccounted-for time away from the facility. On January 31, 2013, Hamilton
County Community Corrections filed a petition alleging Gordy had not complied with
work release by: (1) having over nineteen hours of unaccounted-for time; and (2) failing
to submit necessary work verification. On February 5, 2013, the probation department
filed a petition alleging Gordy had violated probation by violating his community
corrections placement. On February 8, 2013, the trial court received a letter from Gordy
2 admitting he had unaccounted-for hours outside the work release facility but asserting that
he had left the facility without permission in order to visit his newborn son.
On May 16, 2013, the trial court held a hearing on the community corrections and
probation violation petitions. The trial court began by asking Gordy if he had reviewed the
petitions with counsel, and then advised Gordy of his rights, including his right to a hearing
on the allegations. After Gordy indicated that he understood his rights, the trial court asked
him if he admitted or denied having over nineteen hours of unaccounted-for time. Gordy
responded, “I would say that I um, the majority over [sic] those hours are, uh, wasn’t
unaccounted for. So I wouldn’t admit to all those hours.” Tr. p. 9. Gordy then attempted
to ask the trial court about the letter he had written, “because it answers the question that
you’re asking . . . .” Id. at 10. The trial court advised Gordy that he had to make a statement
on the record, and defense counsel then asked him, “you admit that some of those 19 hours,
whether it was 2 or 10 or 12, some amount of that 19 hours, is it true that that’s unaccounted
for? . . . That you violated the rules by being gone for unaccounted time.” Id. at 11. Gordy
then admitted that he had.
Gordy denied, however, that he had failed to submit necessary work verification.
The trial court then asked again if Gordy “had over 19 hours of unaccounted time and had
not turned any additional work verifications in,” and Gordy denied both. Id. at 12. After
further questioning, Gordy again stated that he had “only a portion” of the alleged nineteen
unaccounted-for hours. Id. at 14. The State then stated that it “would like to clarify whether
or not that portion was more than one hour of time?” Id. Gordy responded, “To be exact,
I have at least, 8 hours over, more than, months at a time that accumulated.” Id. After this
3 response, the State said it “is satisfied with the admission to the more than one hour of
unaccounted for . . . time” and moved to dismiss the allegation regarding failing to submit
necessary work verification. Id. at 15. Gordy then testified on his own behalf regarding
his excuse for having unaccounted-for time, i.e. the recent birth of his son. The State
presented no evidence. After argument by both sides, the trial court found that Gordy
violated his probation and community corrections placement. It then modified Gordy’s
sentence to require serving the remainder of his four-year executed term in the Department
of Correction, followed by two years of probation. Gordy now appeals.
Analysis1
Both probation and community corrections programs serve as alternatives to
incarceration, and both are ordered at the sole discretion of the trial court. McQueen v.
State, 862 N.E.2d 1237, 1242 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). A defendant is not entitled to serve a
sentence through a community corrections program, and placement in one is a “matter of
grace” and a “conditional liberty that is a favor, not a right.” Cox v. State, 706 N.E.2d 547,
549 (Ind. 1999). Additionally, the same due process requirements that apply to probation
revocations also apply when a trial court revokes a defendant’s placement in a community
corrections program. Id. Those rights include entitlement to representation by counsel,
written notice of alleged violations, disclosure of opposing evidence, an opportunity to be
heard and present evidence, and the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses in a
1 The State makes no argument that because Gordy admitted violating community corrections rules, he is precluded from challenging the revocation on direct appeal and must instead file a petition for post- conviction relief. See Huffman v. State, 822 N.E.2d 656, 660 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) (holding that defendant who admits to probation violation must challenge revocation of probation via post-conviction relief petition and not via direct appeal).
4 hearing before a neutral trial court. Id. at 550. However, when a defendant admits to an
alleged violation of community corrections, an evidentiary hearing is not necessary and a
trial court can proceed to determine whether the admitted violation warrants revocation of
placement in community corrections. See Parker v. State, 676 N.E.2d 1083, 1085 (Ind. Ct.
App. 1997). Even when admitting a violation, a defendant is entitled to present mitigating
evidence suggesting that the violation does not warrant revocation. Sparks v. State, 983
N.E.2d 221, 225 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). “Also, an informal conversation between the court
and the parties does not constitute an evidentiary hearing and does not comport with a
probationer’s due process rights.” Id.
Here, Gordy admitted that he violated work release rules by having at least eight
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Pursuant to Ind.Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be regarded as precedent or cited before any court except for the purpose of establishing the defense of res judicata, Jan 29 2014, 10:33 am collateral estoppel, or the law of the case.
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE:
LAWRENCE D. NEWMAN GREGORY F. ZOELLER Newman & Newman, P.C. Attorney General of Indiana Noblesville, Indiana
CYNTHIA L. PLOUGHE Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
AARON GORDY, ) ) Appellant-Defendant, ) ) vs. ) No. 29A02-1306-CR-504 ) STATE OF INDIANA, ) ) Appellee-Plaintiff. )
APPEAL FROM THE HAMILTON SUPERIOR COURT The Honorable Valorie S. Hahn, Judge Pro Tem Cause No. 29D01-1105-FC-7803
January 29, 2014
MEMORANDUM DECISION – NOT FOR PUBLICATION
BARNES, Judge Case Summary
Aaron Gordy appeals the revocation of his placement in community corrections.
We affirm.
Issue
Gordy raises one issue, which we restate as whether the trial court denied his right
to due process in the manner in which it revoked his community corrections placement.
Facts
In June 2012, Gordy pled guilty in Hamilton County to one count of Class C felony
carrying a handgun without a license. He was sentenced to a term of six years, with four
years executed. The executed portion of the sentence was to be served through a direct
commitment to community corrections, with the first two years on work release and the
subsequent two years on home detention. The last two years of Gordy’s sentence were to
be served on probation; one of the terms of probation was that Gordy successfully complete
his community corrections placement.
The work release facility rules prohibited participants from having more than one
hour of unaccounted-for time away from the facility. On January 31, 2013, Hamilton
County Community Corrections filed a petition alleging Gordy had not complied with
work release by: (1) having over nineteen hours of unaccounted-for time; and (2) failing
to submit necessary work verification. On February 5, 2013, the probation department
filed a petition alleging Gordy had violated probation by violating his community
corrections placement. On February 8, 2013, the trial court received a letter from Gordy
2 admitting he had unaccounted-for hours outside the work release facility but asserting that
he had left the facility without permission in order to visit his newborn son.
On May 16, 2013, the trial court held a hearing on the community corrections and
probation violation petitions. The trial court began by asking Gordy if he had reviewed the
petitions with counsel, and then advised Gordy of his rights, including his right to a hearing
on the allegations. After Gordy indicated that he understood his rights, the trial court asked
him if he admitted or denied having over nineteen hours of unaccounted-for time. Gordy
responded, “I would say that I um, the majority over [sic] those hours are, uh, wasn’t
unaccounted for. So I wouldn’t admit to all those hours.” Tr. p. 9. Gordy then attempted
to ask the trial court about the letter he had written, “because it answers the question that
you’re asking . . . .” Id. at 10. The trial court advised Gordy that he had to make a statement
on the record, and defense counsel then asked him, “you admit that some of those 19 hours,
whether it was 2 or 10 or 12, some amount of that 19 hours, is it true that that’s unaccounted
for? . . . That you violated the rules by being gone for unaccounted time.” Id. at 11. Gordy
then admitted that he had.
Gordy denied, however, that he had failed to submit necessary work verification.
The trial court then asked again if Gordy “had over 19 hours of unaccounted time and had
not turned any additional work verifications in,” and Gordy denied both. Id. at 12. After
further questioning, Gordy again stated that he had “only a portion” of the alleged nineteen
unaccounted-for hours. Id. at 14. The State then stated that it “would like to clarify whether
or not that portion was more than one hour of time?” Id. Gordy responded, “To be exact,
I have at least, 8 hours over, more than, months at a time that accumulated.” Id. After this
3 response, the State said it “is satisfied with the admission to the more than one hour of
unaccounted for . . . time” and moved to dismiss the allegation regarding failing to submit
necessary work verification. Id. at 15. Gordy then testified on his own behalf regarding
his excuse for having unaccounted-for time, i.e. the recent birth of his son. The State
presented no evidence. After argument by both sides, the trial court found that Gordy
violated his probation and community corrections placement. It then modified Gordy’s
sentence to require serving the remainder of his four-year executed term in the Department
of Correction, followed by two years of probation. Gordy now appeals.
Analysis1
Both probation and community corrections programs serve as alternatives to
incarceration, and both are ordered at the sole discretion of the trial court. McQueen v.
State, 862 N.E.2d 1237, 1242 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). A defendant is not entitled to serve a
sentence through a community corrections program, and placement in one is a “matter of
grace” and a “conditional liberty that is a favor, not a right.” Cox v. State, 706 N.E.2d 547,
549 (Ind. 1999). Additionally, the same due process requirements that apply to probation
revocations also apply when a trial court revokes a defendant’s placement in a community
corrections program. Id. Those rights include entitlement to representation by counsel,
written notice of alleged violations, disclosure of opposing evidence, an opportunity to be
heard and present evidence, and the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses in a
1 The State makes no argument that because Gordy admitted violating community corrections rules, he is precluded from challenging the revocation on direct appeal and must instead file a petition for post- conviction relief. See Huffman v. State, 822 N.E.2d 656, 660 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) (holding that defendant who admits to probation violation must challenge revocation of probation via post-conviction relief petition and not via direct appeal).
4 hearing before a neutral trial court. Id. at 550. However, when a defendant admits to an
alleged violation of community corrections, an evidentiary hearing is not necessary and a
trial court can proceed to determine whether the admitted violation warrants revocation of
placement in community corrections. See Parker v. State, 676 N.E.2d 1083, 1085 (Ind. Ct.
App. 1997). Even when admitting a violation, a defendant is entitled to present mitigating
evidence suggesting that the violation does not warrant revocation. Sparks v. State, 983
N.E.2d 221, 225 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). “Also, an informal conversation between the court
and the parties does not constitute an evidentiary hearing and does not comport with a
probationer’s due process rights.” Id.
Here, Gordy admitted that he violated work release rules by having at least eight
hours of unaccounted-for time, and the trial court subsequently revoked his placement in
community corrections after finding he had violated the rules and after providing Gordy
with an opportunity to present mitigating evidence as to why his placement should not be
revoked. Regardless, Gordy argues that he was improperly denied his right to an
evidentiary hearing, relying upon Sparks. In that case, we reversed a probation revocation
as violating the defendant’s due process rights because no evidentiary hearing was held,
even though the defendant had admitted to violating probation. At the outset of the
revocation hearing, the trial court acknowledged the State’s evidence of an alleged
violation without opportunity for rebuttal by the defendant and said, “If he is willing to
accept responsibility for his actions . . . I was thinking of giving him a four year sentence
if he’ll do that. Otherwise, if you want to have a hearing, we can have a hearing.” Id. at
223. The defendant then decided to admit to the violation without a hearing. We ultimately
5 held, “while an evidentiary hearing is not required if the defendant admits to the probation
violation, the lack of an evidentiary hearing in this case in light of the trial court’s comment
and the suspect quality of Sparks’s admission constitutes fundamental error.” Id. at 226.
On rehearing, we emphasized, “as was well-explained in the opinion, Sparks’s admission
was suspect in light of the comment made by the trial court.” Sparks v. State, 985 N.E.2d
1140, 1141 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). We further clarified, “Our decision did not change
established Indiana law that a probationer may admit to a probation violation and waive
the right to a probation violation hearing.” Id.
Unlike in Sparks, Gordy does not direct us to any “suspect” comments made by the
trial court that could have influenced his decision to admit to a violation. Rather, after a
thorough explanation of Gordy’s due process rights, including his right to an evidentiary
hearing, the trial court asked whether he admitted or denied the alleged violation; at no
time did the trial court give any indication that it was inclined to accept the State’s evidence
or to suggest what penalty it might impose if Gordy admitted to the violation.
Undoubtedly, there was some confusion as to precisely what Gordy wanted to admit. But
it was clear from the outset that Gordy wanted to admit to a rules violation, and in the end,
he unequivocally admitted that he violated work release rules by having at least eight hours
of unaccounted-for time. Under these circumstances, the well-settled rule permitting a
defendant to admit to a probation or community corrections violation and waive the right
to an evidentiary hearing applied.2
2 Gordy also seems to argue the trial court was required to enter a formal finding on the record that there was an adequate “factual basis” for his admission to violating community corrections rules before
6 Conclusion
The manner in which the trial court revoked Gordy’s placement in community
corrections did not violate due process. We affirm.
Affirmed.
ROBB, J., and BROWN, J., concur.
proceeding to determine whether the violation warranted revocation. Gordy cites no authority for the proposition that the trial court was required to enter a formal finding in that manner. The bottom line here is that Gordy admitted to a violation, he then presented mitigating evidence and argument against revocation, and the trial court then entered a finding of a violation and that revocation was warranted.