1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
2 ART ESQUIBEL, CAMERA AND 3 DARKROOM, LINDA AND HENRY 4 SANDOVAL, PERFORMANCE TIRE, 5 ROBERT CHAPMAN, SANTA FE 6 HARDWARE MARGARET DURAN, 7 STREET FEET SHOES, MARISSA 8 MOYA, DANNY’S CLEANERS, 9 KENNEDY SAEZ, LAUNDRAMUTT, 10 DELFINA CHAVEZ, DELFINA’S 11 BEAUTY SALON, LAWRENCE 12 ROMERO, NEW METHOD 13 CLEANERS, ART PEDLEY, ACE 14 MOUNTAIN WEAR & BIKES, 15 LOUIE QUINTANA, QUINTANA 16 OPTICAL, BRUNO CARILLO, 17 SANTA FE GLASS AND MIRROR, 18 GABRIEL A. GARCIA, THE AUTO 19 ANGEL INC., JILL HEPPENHEIMER 20 AND BARBARA LANNING, SANTA FE 21 WEAVING GALLERY, KEN LUCKIE, 22 AMIGO TIRE, DARBY McQUADE, 23 JACKALOPE, DAN McCARTY, SANTA 24 FE MOUNTAIN SPORTS, KEVIN 25 QUINN, QUINN TIRE, LARRY 26 KELLER, DESIGN WAREHOUSE, 27 KENT LITTLE, SANGRE DE CRISTO 28 MOUNTAIN WORKS, JOEY 29 GONZALES, STEWART UDALL, and 30 MAX AND CATHERINE COLL,
31 Petitioners-Appellants,
32 v. NO. 27,548 1 CITY OF SANTA FE, HERRERA AND 2 ASSOCIATES, STEVE JOHNSON 3 DEVELOPMENT, LLC, FRONTERA 4 DEVELOPMENT, INC., as agents for 5 the real parties in interest for the 6 Entrada Contenta Development Plan,
7 Respondents-Appellees.
8 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF SANTA FE COUNTY 9 Freddie J. Romero, District Judge
10 Patrick A. Casey 11 Santa Fe, NM
12 Anthony Lopez 13 Taos, NM
14 William E. Snead 15 Albuquerque, NM
16 Stephen Durkovich 17 Santa Fe, NM
18 for Appellants
19 Long, Pound & Komer P.A. 20 Nancy R. Long 21 Santa Fe, NM
22 for Appellee Herrera & Associates
2 1 Michelle Henrie, LLC 2 Michelle Henrie 3 Albuquerque, NM
4 Atkinson & Thal, P.C. 5 Clifford A. Atkinson 6 Albuquerque, NM
7 for Appellee Frontera Development, Inc.
8 City of Santa Fe 9 Frank Katz 10 Maureen Reed 11 Santa Fe, NM
12 for Appellee City of Santa Fe
13 MEMORANDUM OPINION
14 ROBLES, Judge.
15 In this case, Petitioners allege that the Santa Fe City Council (Council)
16 improperly limited its scope of review in considering a new commercial
17 development—Entrada Contenta—proposed for the south side of Santa Fe. The
18 district court upheld the Council’s approval of the development, which would be
19 comprised of seventeen businesses, including a new Wal-Mart Superstore. Petitioners
20 are small business owners and others who oppose the development. Respondents are
21 the City of Santa Fe (City) and landowners and developers who favor the
3 1 development. The case is before this Court on petition for certiorari pursuant to Rule
2 1-074 NMRA.
3 Petitioners primarily argue that the district court, in reviewing the Council’s
4 action, should not have stricken affidavits of three City councilors. The affidavits
5 stated that, at the time of the hearing on Entrada Contenta, the councilors believed the
6 scope of their review was limited to whether the project complied with the land
7 development code, and that they could not consider such additional factors as the
8 economic effect of the development on existing businesses. Petitioners also allege
9 that an instruction by the City attorney to the Council limited the Council’s scope of
10 review, thus rendering approval of the development arbitrary and capricious. Finally,
11 Petitioners argue that the public was not given notice of what the scope of the
12 Council’s review would be, and this resulted in a violation of their due process rights.
13 We address each issue in turn and affirm the district court.
14 I. BACKGROUND
15 In 1994, Ordinance No. 14-1994 was passed by the City in connection with the
16 rezoning of the relevant property from R-1 residential to C-2 commercial use. The
17 provision states in Part 4 of the Ordinance that “prior to submittal for a building
18 permit, the applicant shall submit a development plan for review and approval by the
19 Development Review Committee. Such review shall be made only to determine
4 1 compliance with the Land Development Code and shall not include changes of usage,
2 density, or developable area.” Immediately after the above provision, Part 5 of the
3 Ordinance states that “[p]rior to submittal for a building permit, the applicant shall
4 submit a development plan for review and approval by the City Council.” Petitioners
5 contend, and the district court agreed, Part 4 of the Ordinance’s limited review applied
6 only to the Development Review Committee, and that there was no such limitation on
7 the full Council’s review addressed in Part 5 of the Ordinance.
8 The public hearing on Entrada Contenta was held on August 15, 2005 at the
9 Santa Fe High School gym in order to accommodate the crowd and lasted from 7:00
10 p.m. until 4:30 a.m. Numerous persons spoke against and in favor of the development
11 and addressed many issues beyond whether the development complied with the land
12 development code. In general, the public comments addressed the reputation of Wal-
13 Mart, the adverse economic effects on existing small businesses, and the need for jobs
14 and low-priced shopping in the area.
15 The extent to which Petitioners were organized at the time of the 2005 public
16 hearing is somewhat unclear. One of their present attorneys testified and was
17 identified in the minutes as “attorney for the Small Business Alliance.” At least four
18 of the present Petitioners testified.
5 1 The City attorney’s statements that set forth the purported limitation on the
2 scope of the Council’s review do not appear in the public hearing record. Two pro-
3 development attorneys—one representing Herrera and Associates and the other
4 representing Frontera Development—referred to this purported limitation in their
5 remarks at the Council’s public hearing. Herrera’s attorney noted in her statement
6 before the public comments began that the Council was acting in a quasi-judicial
7 capacity, not a legislative capacity, and that the Council was to consider whether the
8 development complied with the criteria that were in place. She stated that “[t]he Code
9 does not allow you, nor should it, discretion to regulate business competition by the
10 approval or denial of development plans. To do so would be to read criteria and
11 standards into the Code that do not exist.” She also referred to an earlier project in
12 which the Council had agreed not to consider the potential adverse economic impact
13 of a proposed boutique hospital. The hearing minutes indicate that Frontera’s attorney
14 “reminded the Council that Mayor Delgado earlier . . . asked the City [a]ttorney if this
15 [was] a land use case, and the City [a]ttorney responded yes. He then stated ‘[t]hat
16 means you can’t consider the alleged negative economic impact on other businesses.’”
17 Councilor Ortiz noted that an attorney for the development had instructed the
18 Council as follows:
6 1 [T]his is a land use issue only and that the Council is not supposed to 2 make any decision based on business comparisons or economics, but the 3 Wal-Mart side is saying to the Council that “it makes good policy sense 4 to have businesses and services located in a particular place.”
5 On the morning of August 16, 2005, the Council approved the development by a 5-4
6 vote after the mayor broke a 4-4 tie among the councilors.
7 In the appeal to the district court, Respondents moved to strike the affidavits of
8 three City councilors—Patti Bushee, David Coss, and Rebecca Wurzburger—that
9 Petitioners had submitted to the court to supplement the record as evidence that the
10 Council’s vote had been influenced by the purportedly incorrect advice from the City
11 attorney. Councilor Wurzburger’s affidavit states that she would have presented a
12 summary entitled, The Coming of Wal-Mart, at the public hearing had she not been
13 led to believe the Council was prohibited from considering the types of issues the
14 articles raised. The district court granted Respondents’ motion to strike the
15 supplemental affidavits. Absent the three affidavits, the only evidence in the record
16 that the City attorney had given the purportedly incorrect advice was Frontera’s
17 attorney’s reference to it mentioned above. While remarks from Herrera’s attorney
18 and Councilor Ortiz also stated that the Council’s review was limited to compliance
19 with land use regulations, neither one mentioned the City attorney as having instructed
20 the Council accordingly.
7 1 II. DISCUSSION
2 NMSA 1978, Section 3-21-9 (1999) states that “[a] person aggrieved by a
3 decision of the zoning authority or any officer, department, board or bureau of the
4 zoning authority may appeal the decision pursuant to the provisions of [NMSA 1978,
5 Section 39-3-1.1 (1999)].” That section addresses the procedure for appeal to the
6 district court and specifies the nature of the district court’s review.
7 In a proceeding for judicial review of a final decision by an 8 agency, the district court may set aside, reverse or remand the final 9 decision if it determines that:
10 (1) the agency acted fraudulently, arbitrarily or 11 capriciously; 12 (2) the final decision was not supported by substantial 13 evidence; or 14 (3) the agency did not act in accordance with law.
15 Section 39-3-1.1(D); see Rule 1-074(Q). Section 39-3-1.1(E) specifies that the district
16 court’s decision is reviewable in the discretion of this Court upon petition for
17 certiorari.
18 This Court applies the same standard of review applied by the district court.
19 Rio Grande Chapter of Sierra Club v. N.M. Mining Comm’n, 2003-NMSC-005, ¶ 17,
20 133 N.M. 97, 61 P.3d 806 (filed 2002). “A ruling by an administrative agency is
21 arbitrary and capricious if it is unreasonable or without a rational basis, when viewed
22 in light of the whole record.” Id. “Generally, courts should not attempt to supply a
8 1 reasoned basis for an agency’s decision, but may uphold a decision of less than ideal
2 clarity if the agency’s path may reasonably be discerned.” Archuleta v. Santa Fe
3 Police Dep’t, 2005-NMSC-006, ¶ 17, 137 N.M. 161, 108 P.3d 1019 (internal
4 quotation marks and citation omitted). “[I]n resolving ambiguities in the statute or
5 regulations which an agency is charged with administering, the Court generally will
6 defer to the agency’s interpretation if it implicates agency expertise.” Rio Grande
7 Chapter, 2003-NMSC-005, ¶ 17 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). We
8 will not, however, defer to an agency’s or the district court’s interpretation of an
9 ordinance as that is a matter we review de novo. N.M. Indus. Energy Consumers v.
10 N.M. Pub. Regulation Comm’n, 2007-NMSC-053, ¶ 19, 142 N.M. 533, 168 P.3d 105.
11 A. Affidavits
12 Petitioners argue that the district court erred in refusing to allow the affidavits
13 of the three City councilors to supplement the record. They argue that the affidavits
14 were needed to establish that the City attorney had, in fact, given the instruction
15 before the public hearing commenced, and because some of the Council assert that
16 they considered the instruction in their deliberations, the record should include the
17 affidavits as evidence that the instruction occurred.
18 The parties agree that this appeal is guided by Rule 1-074. A record on appeal
19 from an administrative agency consists, in pertinent part, of “all papers and pleadings
9 1 filed in the proceedings of the agency . . . [and a] transcript of the proceedings.” Rule
2 1-074(H). Corrections to the record may be made “[i]f anything material . . . is
3 omitted from the record on appeal by error or accident, the parties by stipulation, or
4 the agency on request, or the district court, on proper suggestion or on its own
5 initiative, may direct that the omission be corrected and a supplemental record
6 transmitted to the district court. Rule 1-074(I); see Martinez v. N.M. State Eng’r
7 Office, 2000-NMCA-074, ¶ 48, 129 N.M. 413, 9 P.3d 657 (stating that only material
8 that was in fact presented below, but was mistakenly or inadvertently omitted from the
9 record, may be included in a supplemental record). Additionally, a record that is
10 inadequate may be remanded to an administrative body for the purpose of creating a
11 record that is adequate for review. Lewis v. City of Santa Fe, 2005-NMCA-032, ¶ 20,
12 137 N.M. 152, 108 P.3d 558.
13 We primarily note that the affidavits themselves were not papers or pleadings
14 filed in the proceedings that were considered by the Council, but were documents
15 created for the purpose of appeal. See Rule 1-074(H). Petitioners argue that the
16 instruction by the City attorney was considered by the Council and should be viewed
17 as part of the proceedings. They further argue that the instruction was inadequately
18 represented in the record, and citing Lewis, they suggest that the case be remanded to
19 the Council, so that an adequate record may be made.
10 1 We need not decide whether an instruction by the City attorney before the
2 public hearing began was part of the proceeding to determine that the record should
3 not be supplemented by the affidavits. In Lewis, the Council denied Wal-Mart’s
4 application to build a gas station at its Sam’s Club location. 2005-NMCA-032, ¶ 2.
5 Wal-Mart appealed to district court, upon which the City then settled the matter by
6 approving the station subject to certain conditions. Id. ¶ 3. The petitioner in Lewis
7 appealed, citing the absence of further opportunity for public comment following the
8 Council’s reversal of its earlier rejection of the application. Id. The district court
9 dismissed both Wal-Mart’s and the petitioner’s appeals. Id. ¶¶ 4-5. The petitioner
10 appealed to this Court. Id. ¶ 5. The City and Wal-Mart argued that the record was
11 inadequate for an appeal pursuant to Rule 1-074. Lewis, 2005-NMCA-032, ¶ 20. This
12 Court stated that “the district court is at liberty to remand for the purpose of creating
13 a record that is adequate for review.” Id. In Lewis, the possibility of an inadequate
14 record arose because the City’s discussions in reaching the settlement had occurred
15 in an executive (non-public) session and represented a complete change in position.
16 Id. ¶ 3, 20. Unlike in Lewis, in the present case, an extensive record exists and
17 includes mention of the basis for the appeal—the purported limitation on the
18 Council’s scope of review. The record is sufficient to consider whether the Council
11 1 acted fraudently, arbitrarily, or capriciously, without substantial evidence or not in
2 accordance with the law. See id.
3 There are strong policy considerations behind the rules for limiting
4 supplementation of a record on appeal. In Swisher v. Darden, 59 N.M. 511, 515-16,
5 287 P.2d 73, 76 (1955), superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in Sanchez
6 v. Board of Education, 80 N.M. 286, 454 P.2d 768 (1969), our Supreme Court noted
7 that, in the absence of a statute, “review is limited to the record made in the
8 administrative proceeding, and the courts [should] decline to hear new . . . evidence
9 . . . especially where the evidence was available and could have been introduced in the
10 administrative tribunal. To allow [otherwise] would [be to] substitute the court for the
11 administrative tribunal.” Swisher, 59 N.M. at 515-16, 287 P.2d at 77-76 (internal
12 quotation marks and citation omitted).
13 Because neither party is arguing whether the instruction from the City attorney
14 occurred, and evidence of the instruction exists in the record, we see little need in
15 supplementing the record with affidavits to prove that the event happened. The
16 references in the minutes are sufficient for Petitioners to raise the argument that the
17 City attorney advised the Council to limit its scope of review, and for a court to review
18 the Council’s action.
12 1 B. Arbitrary and Capricious Decision
2 Petitioners next argue that the instruction by the City attorney to the Council
3 was a command that limited their scope of review, thus rendering the Council’s action
4 of approving the development arbitrary and capricious. Thus, they seem to argue that
5 the purported incorrect advice may have caused councilors to vote differently than
6 they otherwise would have had the instruction not occurred. However, Petitioners do
7 not argue that the Council failed to consider issues that it was legally obligated to
8 consider under Ordinance No. 14-1994. Instead, they argue that three of the eight
9 councilors incorrectly believed they were prohibited from considering matters that
10 they had discretion to consider.
11 Because we conclude that it is speculative that the Council did not consider
12 issues other than land use, we need not address whether it would have been arbitrary
13 and capricious had the Council only considered land use issues. After hours of
14 testimony from citizens in favor of the commercial development, Councilor Ortiz
15 made remarks at the August 15 hearing that demonstrate considerations other than
16 land use. He stated: “I believe Wal-Mart is a bad corporation. I believe they’re bad
17 to their employees. I think they’re bad to the environment. They’re bad to this
18 country. But my constituents want their cheap gas, so I have to vote yes.” Councilor
19 Lopez expressed concern that Wal-Mart would abandon its other location in Santa Fe
13 1 and leave the property vacant if the new Wal-Mart was approved. Councilor
2 Heldmeyer asked if the other buildings in the project would be franchises or
3 independent businesses. Mayor Delgado stated that approval of the project would let
4 it be known to residents in the area that “[f]inally[,] we’re going to recognize what
5 your needs are out there. Finally[,] we’re going to give you a place to shop.”
6 Councilor Chavez moved for approval subject to conditions, one of which was that
7 Wal-Mart should pay the living wage. Five weeks later at the hearing on traffic
8 planning for the development, Councilor Ortiz stated:
9 I believe that the corporate philosophy of Wal-Mart that it has practiced 10 over the last twenty years has been to the detriment of the communities 11 they have been involved with and to the detriment of our country. The 12 more things that they import from China, the more small businesses that 13 they push out of towns, the worse it is for our country. I also believe that 14 their employee policy has much to be desired. However, here in Santa 15 Fe we’ve got an economic and income divide, and those people I 16 represent and have listened to on this issue by an overwhelming basis 17 want to have the ability to get goods and services and even gas cheaper 18 than at other places.
19 Councilor Chavez stated that there were people in Santa Fe who could not afford to
20 support small businesses and others with discretionary spending that would find
21 themselves going to places like Sam’s Club or Wal-Mart. Mayor Delgado stated in
22 casting his vote that the southwest part of town continued to grow, and people there
23 needed more services.
14 1 In light of the record, we are not convinced that the Council took the City
2 attorney’s advice and limited its scope of review to land development code issues.
3 The record reveals reasonable and rational consideration of the project by those who
4 voted for it. Had the three affidavits not been stricken, they would have tended to
5 show that at least some of the councilors believed their review was limited. However,
6 there is nothing in the record affirmatively tending to show that any of the pro-
7 development councilors either believed their review was limited or would have voted
8 against the development had they so believed. Moreover, we note that it would appear
9 that the three councilors, whose affidavits are at issue, apparently considered matters
10 other than compliance with the land regulations, as there was little indication that the
11 development did not satisfy the regulations. We therefore hold that there is no
12 affirmative showing of prejudice by Petitioners. The record does not indicate that
13 anyone speaking about the development was restricted from expressing their views
14 and, therefore, there is no indication that there was not full discussion. The record
15 does suggest that a majority of councilors considered matters beyond the land
16 development code. “[A]n assertion of prejudice is not a showing of prejudice.” In re
17 Stein, 2008-NMSC-013, ¶ 44, 143 N.M. 462, 177 P.3d 513.
15 1 C. Due Process
2 Finally, Petitioners claim that the public was not given adequate notice of the
3 scope of the hearing, thus resulting in a denial of their due process rights. We note
4 two points. First, as stated above, the Council did appear to have taken issues other
5 than compliance with the land development code into consideration in voting for the
6 development. Second, after Herrera’s attorney spoke about the scope of the Council’s
7 review being limited to the land development code, a member of the public speaking
8 against the project stated that the Council had broad discretion to deny development
9 applications that are not in the public interest even if they meet all conditions
10 established under zoning regulations. Ouida MacGregor, a former Council member,
11 referenced the earlier project of the proposed boutique hospital in Santa Fe, and the
12 decision by the Council not to consider the potential adverse economic impacts of the
13 project. In explaining why she thought the current project was undesirable for the
14 city, she stated: “You, as a Council, have the legal and constitutional right and
15 responsibility to look at the overall impact of this project on the city.”
16 When members of the public began speaking in favor of the development
17 project, Frontera’s attorney reiterated that this was a land use case, and the Council
18 could not “consider the alleged negative economic impact on other businesses.”
19 Given the facts in the record, it would appear that members of the public spoke their
16 1 minds about issues beyond the land development code, and members of the Council
2 voted based on issues outside that scope as well.
3 III. CONCLUSION
4 The district court correctly struck the three councilors’ affidavits on the basis
5 that Rule 1-074 provides no mechanism for adding this type of evidence to an
6 administrative record. Given the extensive record, including the citizens’ testimony
7 on both sides of a broad range of issues, and given indications that the councilors did
8 not entirely limit their review as advised, the Council’s decision was not arbitrary and
9 capricious, and is affirmed.
10 IT IS SO ORDERED.
11 _______________________________ 12 ROBERT E. ROBLES, Judge
13 WE CONCUR:
14 ____________________________ 15 CYNTHIA A. FRY, Chief Judge
16 ____________________________ 17 JONATHAN B. SUTIN, Judge