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New York
New York Constitution
204 sections across 21 articles.
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§ 1
Preamble
Art.
Preamble
§ 1
Rights, privileges and franchise secured; power of legislature to dispense with primary elections in certain cases
Art.
I
§ 2
Trial by jury; how waived
Art.
I
§ 3
Freedom of worship; religious liberty
Art.
I
§ 4
Habeas corpus
Art.
I
§ 5
Bail; fines; punishments; detention of witnesses
Art.
I
§ 6
Grand jury; protection of certain enumerated rights; duty of public officers to sign waiver of immunity and give testimony; penalty for refusal
Art.
I
§ 7
Compensation for taking private property; private roads; drainage of agricultural lands
Art.
I
§ 8
Freedom of speech and press; criminal prosecutions for libel
Art.
I
§ 9
Right to assemble and petition; divorce; lotteries; pool-selling and gambling; laws to prevent; pari-mutuel betting on horse races per- mitted; games of chance, bingo or lotto authorized under certain restrictions
Art.
I
§ 10
Repealed
Art.
I
§ 11
Equal protection of laws; discrimination in civil rights prohibited
Art.
I
§ 12
Security against unreasonable searches, seizures and interceptions
Art.
I
§ 13
Repealed
Art.
I
§ 14
Common law and acts of the colonial and state legislatures
Art.
I
§ 15
Repealed
Art.
I
§ 16
Damages for injuries causing death
Art.
I
§ 17
Labor not a commodity; hours and wages in public work; right to organize and bargain collectively
Art.
I
§ 18
Workers’ compensation
Art.
I
§ 1
Qualifications of voters
Art.
II
§ 2
Absentee voting
Art.
II
§ 3
Persons excluded from the right of suffrage
Art.
II
§ 4
Certain occupations and conditions not to affect residence
Art.
II
§ 5
Registration and election laws to be passed
Art.
II
§ 6
Permanent registration
Art.
II
§ 7
Manner of voting; identification of voters
Art.
II
§ 8
Bi-partisan registration and election boards
Art.
II
§ 9
Presidential elections; special voting procedures authorized
Art.
II
§ 1
Legislative power
Art.
III
§ 2
Number and terms of senators and assemblymen
Art.
III
§ 3
Senate districts
Art.
III
§ 4
Readjustments and reapportionments; when federal census to control
Art.
III
§ 5
Apportionment of assemblymen; creation of assembly districts
Art.
III
§ 5-a
Definition of inhabitants
Art.
III
§ 5-b
Independent redistricting commission
Art.
III
§ 6
Compensation, allowances and traveling expenses of members
Art.
III
§ 7
Qualifications of members; prohibitions on certain civil appointments; acceptance to vacate seat
Art.
III
§ 8
Time of elections of members
Art.
III
§ 9
Powers of each house
Art.
III
§ 10
Journals; open sessions; adjournments
Art.
III
§ 11
Members not to be questioned for speeches
Art.
III
§ 12
Bills may originate in either house; may be amended by the other
Art.
III
§ 13
Enacting clause of bills; no law to be enacted except by bill
Art.
III
§ 14
Manner of passing bills; message of necessity for immediate vote
Art.
III
§ 15
Private or local bills to embrace only one subject, expressed in title
Art.
III
§ 16
Existing law not to be made applicable by reference
Art.
III
§ 17
Cases in which private or local bills shall not be passed
Art.
III
§ 18
Extraordinary sessions of the legislature; power to convene on legislative initiative
Art.
III
§ 19
Private claims not to be audited by legislature; claims barred by lapse of time
Art.
III
§ 20
Two-thirds bills
Art.
III
§ 21
Certain sections not to apply to bills recommended by certain commissioners or public agencies
Art.
III
§ 22
Tax laws to state tax and object distinctly; definition of income for income tax purposes by reference to federal laws authorized
Art.
III
§ 23
When yeas and nays necessary; three-fifths to constitute quorum
Art.
III
§ 24
Prison labor; contract system abolished
Art.
III
§ 25
Emergency governmental operations; legislature to provide for
Art.
III
§ 1
Executive power; election and terms of governor and lieutenant- governor
Art.
IV
§ 2
Qualifications of governor and lieutenant-governor
Art.
IV
§ 3
Powers and duties of governor; compensation
Art.
IV
§ 4
Reprieves, commutations and pardons; powers and duties of governor relating to grants of
Art.
IV
§ 5
When lieutenant-governor to act as governor
Art.
IV
§ 6
Duties and compensation of lieutenant-governor; succession to the governorship
Art.
IV
§ 7
Action by governor on legislative bills; reconsideration after veto
Art.
IV
§ 8
Departmental rules and regulations; filing; publication
Art.
IV
§ 1
Comptroller and attorney-general; payment of state moneys without audit void
Art.
V
§ 2
Civil departments in the state government
Art.
V
§ 3
Assignment of functions
Art.
V
§ 4
Department heads
Art.
V
§ 5
Repealed
Art.
V
§ 6
Civil service appointments and promotions; veterans’ credits
Art.
V
§ 7
Membership in retirement systems; benefits not to be diminished nor impaired
Art.
V
§ 1
Unified court system; organization; process
Art.
VI
§ 2
Court of appeals; organization; designations; vacancies, how filled; commission on judicial nomination
Art.
VI
§ 3
Court of appeals; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 4
Judicial departments; appellate divisions, how constituted; governor to designate justices; temporary assignments; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 5
Appeals from judgment or order; new trial
Art.
VI
§ 6
Judicial districts; how constituted; supreme court
Art.
VI
§ 7
Supreme court; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 8
Appellate terms; composition; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 9
Court of claims; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 10
County courts; judges
Art.
VI
§ 11
County court; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 12
Surrogate’s courts; judges; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 13
Family court; organization; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 14
Discharge of duties of more than one judicial office by same judicial officer
Art.
VI
§ 15
New York city; city-wide courts; jurisdiction
Art.
VI
§ 16
District courts; jurisdiction; judges
Art.
VI
§ 17
Town, village and city courts; jurisdiction; judges
Art.
VI
§ 18
Trial by jury; trial without jury; claims against state
Art.
VI
§ 19
Transfer of actions and proceedings
Art.
VI
§ 20
Judges and justices; qualifications; eligibility for other office or service; restrictions
Art.
VI
§ 21
Vacancies; how filled
Art.
VI
§ 22
Commission on judicial conduct; composition; organization and procedure; review by court of appeals; discipline of judges or justices
Art.
VI
§ 23
Removal of judges
Art.
VI
§ 24
Court for trial of impeachments; judgment
Art.
VI
§ 25
Judges and justices; compensation; retirement
Art.
VI
§ 26
Temporary assignments of judges and justices
Art.
VI
§ 27
Supreme court; extraordinary terms
Art.
VI
§ 28
Administrative supervision of court system
Art.
VI
§ 29
Expenses of courts
Art.
VI
§ 30
Legislative power over jurisdiction and proceedings; delegation of power to regulate practice and procedure
Art.
VI
§ 31
Inapplicability of article to certain courts
Art.
VI
§ 32
Custodians of children to be of same religious persuasion
Art.
VI
§ 33
Existing laws; duty of legislature to implement article
Art.
VI
§ 34
Pending appeals, actions and proceedings; preservation of existing terms of office of judges and justices
Art.
VI
§ 35
Certain courts abolished; transfer of judges, court personnel, and actions and proceedings to other courts
Art.
VI
§ 36
Pending civil and criminal cases
Art.
VI
§ 36-a
Effective date of certain amendments to articles VI and VII
Art.
VI
§ 36-c
Effective date of certain amendments to article VI, section 22
Art.
VI
§ 37
Effective date of article
Art.
VI
§ 1
Estimates by departments, the legislature and the judiciary of needed appropriations; hearings
Art.
VII
§ 2
Executive budget
Art.
VII
§ 3
Budget bills; appearances before legislature
Art.
VII
§ 4
Action on budget bills by legislature; effect thereof
Art.
VII
§ 5
Restrictions on consideration of other appropriations
Art.
VII
§ 6
Restrictions on content of appropriation bills
Art.
VII
§ 7
Appropriation bills
Art.
VII
§ 8
Gift or loan of state credit or money prohibited; exceptions for enumerated purposes
Art.
VII
§ 9
Short term state debts in anticipation of taxes, revenues and proceeds of sale of authorized bonds
Art.
VII
§ 10
State debts on account of invasion, insurrection, war and forest fires
Art.
VII
§ 11
State debts generally; manner of contracting; referendum
Art.
VII
§ 12
State debts generally; how paid; contribution to sinking funds; restrictions on use of bond proceeds
Art.
VII
§ 13
Refund of state debts
Art.
VII
§ 14
State debt for elimination of railroad crossings at grade; expenses; how borne; construction and reconstruction of state highways and parkways
Art.
VII
§ 15
Sinking funds; how kept and invested; income therefrom and application thereof
Art.
VII
§ 16
Payment of state debts; when comptroller to pay without appropriation
Art.
VII
§ 17
Authorizing the legislature to establish a fund or funds for tax revenue stabilization reserves; regulating payments thereto and withdrawals therefrom
Art.
VII
§ 18
Bonus on account of service of certain veterans in World War II
Art.
VII
§ 19
State debt for expansion of state university
Art.
VII
§ 1
Gift or loan of property or credit of local subdivisions prohibited; exceptions for enumerated purposes
Art.
VIII
§ 2
Restrictions on indebtedness of local subdivisions; contracting and payment of local indebtedness; exceptions
Art.
VIII
§ 2-a
Local indebtedness for water supply, sewage and drainage facilities and purposes; allocations and exclusions of indebtedness
Art.
VIII
§ 3
Restrictions on creation and indebtedness of certain corporations
Art.
VIII
§ 4
Limitations on local indebtedness
Art.
VIII
§ 5
Ascertainment of debt-incurring power of counties, cities, towns and villages; certain indebtedness to be excluded
Art.
VIII
§ 6
Debt-incurring power of Buffalo, Rochester and Syracuse; certain additional indebtedness to be excluded
Art.
VIII
§ 7
Debt-incurring power of New York city; certain additional indebtedness to be excluded
Art.
VIII
§ 7-a
Debt-incurring power of New York city; certain indebtedness for railroads and transit purposes to be excluded
Art.
VIII
§ 8
Indebtedness not to be invalidated by operation of this article
Art.
VIII
§ 9
When debt-incurring power of certain counties shall cease
Art.
VIII
§ 10
Limitations on amount to be raised by real estate taxes for local purposes; exceptions
Art.
VIII
§ 10-a
Application and use of revenues: certain public improvements
Art.
VIII
§ 11
Taxes for certain capital expenditures to be excluded from tax limitation
Art.
VIII
§ 12
Powers of local governments to be restricted; further limitations on contracting local indebtedness authorized
Art.
VIII
§ 1
Bill of rights for local governments
Art.
IX
§ 2
Powers and duties of legislature; home rule powers of local governments; statute of local governments
Art.
IX
§ 3
Existing laws to remain applicable; construction; definitions
Art.
IX
§ 1
Corporations; formation of
Art.
X
§ 2
Dues of corporations
Art.
X
§ 3
Savings bank charters; savings and loan association charters; special charters not to be granted
Art.
X
§ 4
Corporations; definition; right to sue and be sued
Art.
X
§ 5
Public corporations; restrictions on creation and powers; accounts; obligations of
Art.
X
§ 6
Liability of state for payment of bonds of public corporation to construct state thruways; use of state canal lands and properties
Art.
X
§ 7
Liability of state for obligations of the port of New York authority for railroad commuter cars; limitations
Art.
X
§ 8
Liability of state on bonds of a public corporation to finance new industrial or manufacturing plants in depressed areas
Art.
X
§ 1
Common schools
Art.
XI
§ 2
Regents of the University
Art.
XI
§ 3
Use of public property or money in aid of denominational schools prohibited; transportation of children authorized
Art.
XI
§ 1
Defense; militia
Art.
XII
§ 1
Oath of office; no other test for public office
Art.
XIII
§ 2
Duration of term of office
Art.
XIII
§ 3
Vacancies in office; how filled; boards of education
Art.
XIII
§ 4
Political year and legislative term
Art.
XIII
§ 5
Removal from office for misconduct
Art.
XIII
§ 6
When office to be deemed vacant; legislature may declare
Art.
XIII
§ 7
Compensation of officers
Art.
XIII
§ 8
Election and term of city and certain county officers
Art.
XIII
§ 13
Law enforcement and other officers
Art.
XIII
§ 14
Employees of, and contractors for, the state and local governments; wages, hours and other provisions to be regulated by legislature
Art.
XIII
§ 1
Forest preserve to be forever kept wild; authorized uses and exceptions
Art.
XIV
§ 2
Reservoirs
Art.
XIV
§ 3
Forest and wild life conservation; use or disposition of certain lands authorized
Art.
XIV
§ 4
Protection of natural resources; development of agricultural lands
Art.
XIV
§ 5
Violations of article; how restrained
Art.
XIV
§ 1
Disposition of canals and canal properties prohibited
Art.
XV
§ 2
Prohibition inapplicable to lands and properties no longer useful; disposition authorized
Art.
XV
§ 3
Contracts for work and materials; special revenue fund
Art.
XV
§ 4
Lease or transfer to federal government of barge canal system authorized
Art.
XV
§ 1
Power of taxation; exemptions from taxation
Art.
XVI
§ 2
Assessments for taxation purposes
Art.
XVI
§ 3
Situs of intangible personal property; taxation of
Art.
XVI
§ 4
Certain corporations not to be discriminated against
Art.
XVI
§ 5
Compensation of public officers and employees subject to taxation
Art.
XVI
§ 6
Public improvements or services; contract of indebtedness; creation of public corporations
Art.
XVI
§ 1
Public relief and care
Art.
XVII
§ 2
State board of social welfare; powers and duties
Art.
XVII
§ 3
Public health
Art.
XVII
§ 4
Care and treatment of persons suffering from mental disorder or defect; visitation of institutions for
Art.
XVII
§ 5
Institutions for detention of criminals; probation; parole; state commission of correction
Art.
XVII
§ 6
Visitation and inspection
Art.
XVII
§ 7
Loans for hospital construction
Art.
XVII
§ 1
Housing and nursing home accommodations for persons of low income; slum clearance
Art.
XVIII
§ 2
Idem; powers of legislature in aid of
Art.
XVIII
§ 3
Article VII to apply to state debts under this article, with certain exceptions; amortization of state debts; capital and periodic subsidies
Art.
XVIII
§ 4
Powers of cities, towns and villages to contract indebtedness in aid of low rent housing and slum clearance projects; restrictions thereon
Art.
XVIII
§ 5
Liability for certain loans made by the state to certain public corporations
Art.
XVIII
§ 6
Loans and subsidies; restrictions on and preference in occupancy of projects
Art.
XVIII
§ 7
Liability arising from guarantees to be deemed indebtedness; method of computing
Art.
XVIII
§ 8
Excess condemnation
Art.
XVIII
§ 9
Acquisition of property for purposes of article
Art.
XVIII
§ 10
Power of legislature; construction of article
Art.
XVIII
§ 1
Amendments to constitution; how proposed, voted upon and ratified; failure of attorney-general to render opinion not to affect validity
Art.
XIX
§ 2
Future constitutional conventions; how called; election of delegates; compensation; quorum; submission of amendments; officers; employees; rules; vacancies
Art.
XIX
§ 3
Amendments simultaneously submitted by convention and legisla- ture
Art.
XIX
§ 1
Time of taking effect
Art.
XX