Home/CFR/Title 40/Part 86
FEDERAL · 40 CFR

Part 86 — Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Highway Vehicles and Engines

359 sections · Title 40: Protection of Environment

§ 86.1Incorporation by reference.
§ 86.000-2Definitions.
§ 86.000-3Abbreviations.
§ 86.000-7Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.
§ 86.000-24Test vehicles and engines.
§ 86.001-2Definitions.
§ 86.001-21Application for certification.
§ 86.001-23Required data.
§ 86.001-24Test vehicles and engines.
§ 86.004-2Definitions.
§ 86.004-11Emission standards for 2004 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
§ 86.004-15NO<sub>X</sub> plus NMHC and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.
§ 86.004-16Prohibition of defeat devices.
§ 86.004-21Application for certification.
§ 86.004-25Maintenance.
§ 86.004-26Mileage and service accumulation; emission measurements.
§ 86.004-28Compliance with emission standards.
§ 86.004-38Maintenance instructions.
§ 86.004-40Heavy-duty engine rebuilding practices.
§ 86.005-1General applicability.
§ 86.005-10Emission standards for 2005 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
§ 86.007-11Emission standards and supplemental requirements for 2007 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
§ 86.007-15NO<sub>X</sub> and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.
§ 86.007-17Onboard diagnostics for engines used in applications less than or equal to 14,000 pounds GVWR.
§ 86.007-21Application for certification.
§ 86.007-23Required data.
§ 86.007-30Certification.
§ 86.008-10Emission standards for 2008 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
§ 86.010-2Definitions.
§ 86.010-18On-board Diagnostics for engines used in applications greater than 14,000 pounds GVWR.
§ 86.010-38Maintenance instructions.
§ 86.012-2Definitions.
§ 86.016-1General applicability.
§ 86.078-3Abbreviations.
§ 86.078-6Hearings on certification.
§ 86.079-31Separate certification.
§ 86.079-32Addition of a vehicle or engine after certification.
§ 86.079-33Changes to a vehicle or engine covered by certification.
§ 86.079-39Submission of maintenance instructions.
§ 86.080-12Alternative certification procedures.
§ 86.082-2Definitions.
§ 86.082-34Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.
§ 86.084-2Definitions.
§ 86.084-4Section numbering; construction.
§ 86.085-2Definitions.
§ 86.085-20Incomplete vehicles, classification.
§ 86.085-37Production vehicles and engines.
§ 86.088-2Definitions.
§ 86.090-2Definitions.
§ 86.090-3Abbreviations.
§ 86.090-5General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.
§ 86.090-27Special test procedures.
§ 86.091-2Definitions.
§ 86.091-7Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.
§ 86.091-29Testing by the Administrator.
§ 86.092-2Definitions.
§ 86.093-2Definitions.
§ 86.094-2Definitions.
§ 86.094-3Abbreviations.
§ 86.094-7Maintenance of records; submittal of information; right of entry.
§ 86.094-14Small-volume manufacturer certification procedures.
§ 86.094-21Application for certification.
§ 86.094-22Approval of application for certification; test fleet selections; determinations of parameters subject to adjustment for certification and Selective Enforcement Audit, adequacy of limits, and physically adjustable ranges.
§ 86.094-25Maintenance.
§ 86.095-35Labeling.
§ 86.096-2Definitions.
§ 86.096-3Abbreviations.
§ 86.096-24Test vehicles and engines.
§ 86.098-2Definitions.
§ 86.098-3Abbreviations.
§ 86.098-10Emission standards for 1998 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
§ 86.098-23Required data.
§ 86.099-10Emission standards for 1999 and later model year Otto-cycle heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
§ 86.099-11Emission standards for 1999 and later model year diesel heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
§ 86.101General applicability.
§ 86.102Definitions.
§ 86.103Abbreviations.
§ 86.104Section numbering; construction.
§ 86.105Introduction; structure of subpart.
§ 86.106-96Equipment required; overview.
§ 86.107-96Sampling and analytical systems; evaporative emissions.
§ 86.107-98Sampling and analytical system.
§ 86.108-00Dynamometer.
§ 86.109-94Exhaust gas sampling system; Otto-cycle vehicles not requiring particulate emission measurements.
§ 86.110-94Exhaust gas sampling system; diesel-cycle vehicles, and Otto-cycle vehicles requiring particulate emissions measurements.
§ 86.111-94Exhaust gas analytical system.
§ 86.112-91Weighing chamber (or room) and microgram balance specifications.
§ 86.113-04Fuel specifications.
§ 86.113-15Fuel specifications.
§ 86.113-27Fuel specifications.
§ 86.113-94Fuel specifications.
§ 86.114-94Analytical gases.
§ 86.115-78EPA dynamometer driving schedules.
§ 86.116-94Calibrations, frequency and overview.
§ 86.117-96Evaporative emission enclosure calibrations.
§ 86.118-00Dynamometer calibrations.
§ 86.119-90CVS calibration.
§ 86.120-94Gas meter or flow instrumentation calibration; particulate, methanol and formaldehyde measurement.
§ 86.121-90Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
§ 86.122-78Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
§ 86.123-78Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
§ 86.124-78Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
§ 86.125-94Methane analyzer calibration.
§ 86.126-90Calibration of other equipment.
§ 86.127-00Test procedures; overview.
§ 86.127-12Test procedures; overview.
§ 86.128-79Transmissions.
§ 86.129-00Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.
§ 86.129-80Road load power, test weight, and inertia weight class determination.
§ 86.129-94Road load power, test weight, inertia weight class determination, and fuel temperature profile.
§ 86.130-96Test sequence; general requirements.
§ 86.131-96Vehicle preparation.
§ 86.132-00Vehicle preconditioning.
§ 86.132-96Vehicle preconditioning.
§ 86.133-96Diurnal emission test.
§ 86.134-96Running loss test.
§ 86.135-12Dynamometer procedure.
§ 86.135-90Dynamometer procedure.
§ 86.136-90Engine starting and restarting.
§ 86.137-94Dynamometer test run, gaseous and particulate emissions.
§ 86.138-96Hot soak test.
§ 86.139-90Particulate filter handling and weighing.
§ 86.140-94Exhaust sample analysis.
§ 86.142-90Records required.
§ 86.143-96Calculations; evaporative emissions.
§ 86.144-94Calculations; exhaust emissions.
§ 86.145-82Calculations; particulate emissions.
§ 86.146-96Fuel dispensing spitback procedure.
§ 86.150-98Refueling test procedure; overview.
§ 86.151-98General requirements; refueling test.
§ 86.152-98Vehicle preparation; refueling test.
§ 86.153-98Vehicle and canister preconditioning; refueling test.
§ 86.154-98Measurement procedure; refueling test.
§ 86.155-98Records required; refueling test.
§ 86.156-98Calculations; refueling test.
§ 86.157-98Refueling test procedures for liquefied petroleum gas-fueled vehicles.
§ 86.158-00Supplemental Federal Test Procedures; overview.
§ 86.158-08Supplemental Federal Test Procedures; overview.
§ 86.159-00Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.
§ 86.159-08Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.
§ 86.160-00Exhaust emission test procedure for SC03 emissions.
§ 86.161-00Air conditioning environmental test facility ambient requirements.
§ 86.162-03Approval of alternative air conditioning test simulations.
§ 86.163-00Spot check correlation procedures for vehicles tested using a simulation of the environmental test cell for air conditioning emission testing.
§ 86.164-00Supplemental Federal Test Procedure calculations.
§ 86.164-08Supplemental Federal Test Procedure calculations.
§ 86.166-12§ 86.166-12 [Reserved]
§ 86.201General applicability.
§ 86.213Fuel specifications.
§ 86.401-2006General applicability.
§ 86.402-78Definitions.
§ 86.402-98Definitions.
§ 86.403-78Abbreviations.
§ 86.404-78Section numbering.
§ 86.405-78Measurement system.
§ 86.406-78Introduction, structure of subpart, further information.
§ 86.407-78Certificate of conformity required.
§ 86.408-78General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions.
§ 86.409-78Defeat devices, prohibition.
§ 86.410-90Emission standards for 1990 and later model year motorcycles.
§ 86.410-2006Emission standards for 2006 and later model year motorcycles.
§ 86.411-78Maintenance instructions, vehicle purchaser.
§ 86.412-78Maintenance instructions, submission to Administrator.
§ 86.413-2006Labeling.
§ 86.414-78Submission of vehicle identification number.
§ 86.415-78Production vehicles.
§ 86.416-80Application for certification.
§ 86.417-78Approval of application for certification.
§ 86.418-78Test fleet selection.
§ 86.419-2006Engine displacement, motorcycle classes.
§ 86.420-78Engine families.
§ 86.421-78Test fleet.
§ 86.422-78Administrator's fleet.
§ 86.423-78Test vehicles.
§ 86.425-78Test procedures.
§ 86.426-78Service accumulation.
§ 86.427-78Emission tests.
§ 86.428-80Maintenance, scheduled; test vehicles.
§ 86.429-78Maintenance, unscheduled; test vehicles.
§ 86.430-78Vehicle failure.
§ 86.431-78Data submission.
§ 86.432-78Deterioration factor.
§ 86.434-78Testing by the Administrator.
§ 86.435-78Extrapolated emission values.
§ 86.436-78Additional service accumulation.
§ 86.437-78Certification.
§ 86.438-78Amendments to the application.
§ 86.439-78Alternative procedure for notification of additions and changes.
§ 86.440-78Maintenance of records.
§ 86.441-78Right of entry.
§ 86.442-78Denial, revocation, or suspension of certification.
§ 86.443-78Request for hearing.
§ 86.444-78Hearings on certification.
§ 86.445-2006What temporary provisions address hardship due to unusual circumstances?
§ 86.446-2006What are the provisions for extending compliance deadlines for small-volume manufacturers under hardship?
§ 86.447-2006What provisions apply to motorcycle engines below 50 cc that are certified under the Small SI program or the Recreational-vehicle program?
§ 86.448-2006What provisions apply to vehicles certified under the Recreational-vehicle program?
§ 86.449Averaging provisions.
§ 86.450Treatment of confidential information.
§ 86.501-78Applicability.
§ 86.502-78Definitions.
§ 86.503-78Abbreviations.
§ 86.504-78Section numbering.
§ 86.505-2004Introduction; structure of subpart.
§ 86.508-78Dynamometer.
§ 86.509-90Exhaust gas sampling system.
§ 86.511-90Exhaust gas analytical system.
§ 86.513Fuel and engine lubricant specifications.
§ 86.514-78Analytical gases.
§ 86.515-78EPA urban dynamometer driving schedule.
§ 86.516-90Calibrations, frequency and overview.
§ 86.518-78Dynamometer calibration.
§ 86.519-90Constant volume sampler calibration.
§ 86.521-90Hydrocarbon analyzer calibration.
§ 86.522-78Carbon monoxide analyzer calibration.
§ 86.523-78Oxides of nitrogen analyzer calibration.
§ 86.524-78Carbon dioxide analyzer calibration.
§ 86.526-90Calibration of other equipment.
§ 86.527-90Test procedures, overview.
§ 86.528-78Transmissions.
§ 86.529-98Road load force and inertia weight determination.
§ 86.530-78Test sequence, general requirements.
§ 86.531-78Vehicle preparation.
§ 86.532-78Vehicle preconditioning.
§ 86.535-90Dynamometer procedure.
§ 86.536-78Engine starting and restarting.
§ 86.537-90Dynamometer test runs.
§ 86.540-90Exhaust sample analysis.
§ 86.542-90Records required.
§ 86.544-90Calculations; exhaust emissions.
§ 86.545-86.599§§ 86.545-86.599 [Reserved]
§ 86.601-1 - 86.601-83§§ 86.601-1-86.601-83 [Reserved]
§ 86.601-84Applicability.
§ 86.602-84Definitions.
§ 86.602-98Definitions.
§ 86.603-88Test orders.
§ 86.603-98Test orders.
§ 86.604-84Testing by the Administrator.
§ 86.605-88Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
§ 86.605-98Maintenance of records; submittal of information.
§ 86.606-84Entry and access.
§ 86.607-84Sample selection.
§ 86.608-98Test procedures.
§ 86.609-98Calculation and reporting of test results.
§ 86.610-98Compliance with acceptable quality level and passing and failing criteria for Selective Enforcement Audits.
§ 86.612-97Suspension and revocation of certificates of conformity.
§ 86.614-84Hearings on suspension, revocation, and voiding of certificates of conformity.
§ 86.615-84Treatment of confidential information.
§ 86.901Assessment of fees.
§ 86.1001Applicability.
§ 86.1101-87Applicability.
§ 86.1102-87Definitions.
§ 86.1103-2016Criteria for availability of nonconformance penalties.
§ 86.1104-2016Determination of upper limits.
§ 86.1105-87Emission standards for which nonconformance penalties are available.
§ 86.1106-87Production compliance auditing.
§ 86.1107-87Testing by the Administrator.
§ 86.1108-87Maintenance of records.
§ 86.1109-87Entry and access.
§ 86.1110-87Sample selection.
§ 86.1111-87Test procedures for PCA testing.
§ 86.1112-87Determining the compliance level and reporting of test results.
§ 86.1113-87Calculation and payment of penalty.
§ 86.1114-87Suspension and voiding of certificates of conformity.
§ 86.1115-87Hearing procedures for nonconformance determinations and penalties.
§ 86.1116-87Treatment of confidential information.
§ 86.1117Labeling.
§ 86.1301Scope; applicability.
§ 86.1305Introduction; structure of subpart.
§ 86.1333Transient test cycle generation.
§ 86.1360Supplemental emission test; test cycle and procedures.
§ 86.1362Steady-state testing with a ramped-modal cycle.
§ 86.1370Not-To-Exceed test procedures.
§ 86.1372Measuring smoke emissions within the NTE zone.
§ 86.1801-12Applicability.
§ 86.1802-01Section numbering; construction.
§ 86.1803-01Definitions.
§ 86.1804-01Acronyms and abbreviations.
§ 86.1805-04Useful life.
§ 86.1805-12Useful life.
§ 86.1805-17Useful life.
§ 86.1806-17Onboard diagnostics.
§ 86.1806-27Onboard diagnostics.
§ 86.1807-01Vehicle labeling.
§ 86.1808-01Maintenance instructions.
§ 86.1809-12Prohibition of defeat devices.
§ 86.1810-01General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions; waivers.
§ 86.1810-09General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe condition; waivers.
§ 86.1810-17General requirements.
§ 86.1811-04Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
§ 86.1811-09Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
§ 86.1811-10Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
§ 86.1811-17Exhaust emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
§ 86.1811-27Criteria exhaust emission standards.
§ 86.1813-17Evaporative and refueling emission standards.
§ 86.1815-27Battery-related requirements for battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.
§ 86.1816-05Emission standards for complete heavy-duty vehicles.
§ 86.1816-08Emission standards for complete heavy-duty vehicles.
§ 86.1816-18Emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles.
§ 86.1818-12Greenhouse gas emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles.
§ 86.1819-14Greenhouse gas emission standards for medium-duty and heavy-duty vehicles.
§ 86.1820-01Durability group determination.
§ 86.1821-01Evaporative/refueling family determination.
§ 86.1822-01Durability data vehicle selection.
§ 86.1823-08Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust emissions.
§ 86.1824-08Durability demonstration procedures for evaporative emissions.
§ 86.1825-08Durability demonstration procedures for refueling emissions.
§ 86.1826-01Assigned deterioration factors for small-volume manufacturers and small-volume test groups.
§ 86.1827-01Test group determination.
§ 86.1828-01Emission data vehicle selection.
§ 86.1829-15Durability and emission testing requirements; waivers.
§ 86.1830-01Acceptance of vehicles for emission testing.
§ 86.1831-01Mileage accumulation requirements for test vehicles.
§ 86.1832-01Optional equipment and air conditioning for test vehicles.
§ 86.1833-01Adjustable parameters.
§ 86.1834-01Allowable maintenance.
§ 86.1835-01Confirmatory certification testing.
§ 86.1836-01Manufacturer-supplied production vehicles for testing.
§ 86.1837-01Rounding of emission measurements.
§ 86.1838-01Small-volume manufacturer certification procedures.
§ 86.1839-01Carryover of certification and battery monitoring data.
§ 86.1840-01Special test procedures.
§ 86.1841-01Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification.
§ 86.1842-01Addition of a vehicle after certification; and changes to a vehicle covered by certification.
§ 86.1843-01General information requirements.
§ 86.1844-01Information requirements: Application for certification and submittal of information upon request.
§ 86.1845-04Manufacturer in-use verification testing requirements.
§ 86.1846-01Manufacturer in-use confirmatory testing requirements.
§ 86.1847-01Manufacturer in-use verification and in-use confirmatory testing; submittal of information and maintenance of records.
§ 86.1848-10Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification.
§ 86.1849-01Right of entry.
§ 86.1850-01Denial, suspension or revocation of certificate of conformity.
§ 86.1851-01Application of good engineering judgment to manufacturers' decisions.
§ 86.1852-01Waivers for good in-use emission performance.
§ 86.1853-01Certification hearings.
§ 86.1854-12Prohibited acts.
§ 86.1855-86.1859§§ 86.1855-86.1859 [Reserved]
§ 86.1860-17How to comply with the Tier 3 and Tier 4 fleet average standards.
§ 86.1861-17How do the NMOG + NO<sub>X</sub> and evaporative emission credit programs work?
§ 86.1862-04Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant to compliance with fleet average standards.
§ 86.1864-10How to comply with cold temperature fleet average standards.
§ 86.1865-12How to comply with the fleet average CO<sub>2</sub> standards.
§ 86.1866-12CO<sub>2</sub> credits for advanced technology vehicles.
§ 86.1867-12CO<sub>2</sub> credits for reducing leakage of air conditioning refrigerant.
§ 86.1867-31CO<sub>2</sub> credits for reducing leakage of air conditioning refrigerant.
§ 86.1868-12CO<sub>2</sub> credits for improving the efficiency of air conditioning systems.
§ 86.1869-12CO<sub>2</sub> credits for off-cycle CO<sub>2</sub> reducing technologies.
§ 86.1870-12CO<sub>2</sub> credits for qualifying full-size pickup trucks.
§ 86.1901What testing requirements apply to my engines that have gone into service?
§ 86.1905How does this program work?
§ 86.1908How must I select and screen my in-use engines?
§ 86.1910How must I prepare and test my in-use engines?
§ 86.1912How do I determine whether an engine meets the vehicle-pass criteria?
§ 86.1915What are the requirements for Phase 1 and Phase 2 testing?
§ 86.1917How does in-use testing under this subpart relate to the emission-related warranty in Section 207(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act?
§ 86.1920What in-use testing information must I report to EPA?
§ 86.1925What records must I keep?
§ 86.1930What special provisions apply from 2005 through 2010?
§ 86.1931-86.1999§§ 86.1931-86.1999 [Reserved]